This paper introduces the Invariant Proportion of Substitution IPS property. The IPS property holds when the proportion of demand that is created by substitution away from a competing alternative is the same regardless of which of the enhanced good's attributes is improved. Since this property arises from assumptions about the...
Texas property taxes are substantial and unavoidable. One can minimize the property taxes by appealing annually and considering all levels of the appeal process. Minimizing the property taxes is an iterative process. Be persistent and one will have a value in the lower work quartile of the range of value!...
This paper shows the impact property development participations have had on the performance and risk of 331 property funds from five international markets during the nineties. This way we hope to contribute to the ongoing debate among real estate professionals who disagree on this matter. Some claim that participations in...
This study is concerned with the impacts on property returns from property fund flows, and with the possibility of a reverse transmission from property fund flows to property returns. In other words this study investigates whether property returns "cause" fund flow changes, or whether fund flow changes "cause" property returns,...
Property taxes are a substantial expense for Texas homeowners, averaging about $3,600 annually. To reduce this expense, property owners should annually review and consider appealing property taxes. While there is no guarantee that an appeal will be successful. Since the mortgage company typically disperses payments, property taxes tend to be...
Motivated by the frequently observed link between commercial property price volatility and banking crises, this paper investigates at a macroeconomic level the determination of commercial property prices and the interaction between commercial property prices and bank lending. It develops a reduced-form theoretical model which suggests bank lending is closely related...
This paper provides an analysis of defaults and losses within the major property types. The property type sector analysis highlights how certain default resolution characteristics and outcomes differ by property type and addresses differences in disposition modes, as well as in the timing, frequency, and size of losses experienced within...
Copyright forms a part of a larger body of law known as "intellectual property". Intellectual property can be thought of as creations of the human mind and intellect, and intellectual property law in general recognizes, and attempts to protect, the property rights of creators in their creations. It is widely...
The real property lease checklist addresses the most common issues that you need to consider when you negotiate a real property lease. This comprehensive checklist identifies the terms and clauses that need to be addressed in a real property lease. It also contains questions under each term or clause that...
The Internal Revenue Code provides an exception to the general rule that requires the recognition of gain or loss upon the sale or exchange of property. At a first reading of Section 1031, obtaining the benefits of the tax-deferred exchange might seem possible only when the exchanges occur simultaneously. As...
This paper discusses "case for property" in the mixed-asset portfolio, which is a topic of continuing interest to practitioners and academics. Such an analysis typically is performed over a fixed period of time and the optimum allocation to property inferred from the weight assigned to property through the use of...
The role of the valuer in undertaking a valuation is to determine the value of the property being valued. In the case of mortgage valuations, where the purchaser has agreed and exchanged contracts on a property, it may be presumed that the role of the valuer is to confirm or...
This paper proposes that "Norms-based" intellectual property systems exist and are an important complement to or substitute for law-based intellectual property systems. Norms-based IP Intellectual Property systems operate on social norms that are held in common by members of a given community and specify the nature and extent of rights...
The objective of this presentation is to understand the requirements for accurate property and inventory records, understand the proper disposition methods grantees must take for personal property and equipment purchased by TCADA, understand the different types of leases, it review allowable costs. It defines different types of properties that come...
Over the years there have been many changes and innovations within the property market. Previously, UK investors had dominated the market and, while homegrown talent continues to provide the lion's share of activity, the property industry also benefits from overseas investors, including those from Germany, the US, the Middle East...
Texas property owners need to timely pay property taxes, confirm exemptions have been filed and file any correction protests prior to January 31, 2007. Although many property owners think of May 31 property tax protest deadline as the most significant property tax deadline, January 31 is more significant due to...
This article provides the details of Georgia Property Tax. It explains all the regulatory issues and legal aspect for property dealing. Property taxes, generally referred to as ad valorem taxes are the oldest source of revenue used by the State of Georgia and its political subdivisions. The term “ad valorem"...
When a local government revokes a permit or otherwise affects the ability of a property owner to use or develop its property, the owner may assert a substantive due process claim or argue that it had a "vested right" with which the municipality improperly interfered. In essence, the concept of...
Austin property tax appeals depend on real estate, valuation and advocacy. This paper provides insights for preparing for your Austin property tax appeal. Real estate valuation is a combination of art and science. Estimates of value are based upon judgment, data and analysis. Judgment is required to select the best...
Appraisal districts are assigned the task of locating and accurately valuing all taxable property within the county. Personal property not used for the production of income is not taxable. However, real property, business personal property and mineral interests are taxable unless they are subject to an exemption. For example, real...
