the vertical layers of ranks of personnel within an organization, each layer subordinate to the one above it. Organization hierarchy is often shown in the form of an organization chart. An extended hierarchy is typical of a bureaucracy, but during the later 20th and early 21st centuries the layers of hierarchical positions within large organizations have often been reduced as part of downsizing exercises. These result in the shallow or nonexistent hierarchies of flexible, flat organizations, within which there is greater employee empowerment and autonomy.
This paper explains organization structure based on optimal coordination of interactions among activities. The main idea is that each manager is capable of detecting and coordinating interactions only within his limited area of expertise. The optimal design of the organization trades off the costs and benefits of various configurations of...
This article explains a proposed FASB Statement that would adopt the hierarchy of generally accepted accounting principles now in auditing standards with some updating modifications. The proposal would make the rules governing which accounting principles take precedence directly applicable to preparers of financial statements, not just to auditors, and is...
This presentation highlights upon creating effective organizations. There are four characteristics, which are common to all organization. These are hierarchy of authority, co-ordination of efforts, division of labor, and common goal. In addition, there are three pattern of organization design. These are horizontal, hourglass, and virtual organization. No single...
The paper discusses the findings of a study designed to increase the generalisability, validity and reliability of earlier studies concerning the relationships between attitude toward the ad and aspects of the advertising hierarchy of effects model in the online marketing context. The findings suggest that the traditional advertising hierarchy of...
This paper explores a process view of call centres and the knowledge infrastructures that support these processes. As Call centres grow and become more complex in their function and organisation so do the knowledge infrastructures required to support their size and complexity. The paper suggests a knowledge-based hierarchy of 'Advice-type'...
An organization is a social entity composed of two or more persons who work together towards the attainment of common goals. For the organization to work as a cohesive unit, it is essential that a formal structure of reporting and control be established among the different members of the organization....
Organizing is a management function that involves allocation of organizational resources towards achievement of long-term organizational goals. Organizational Structure OS is the framework that defines formal reporting relationships between different positions within the organization. OS varies according to the firm’s vision, mission, and strategy. The five structural building blocks of...
From the executive summary: ‘With pressure for risk management mounting from regulators and auditors, firms are realizing the need to manage security linkages more effectively. The process calls for identifying the linkages among potential customers and their subsidiaries or holdings.’ It is also essential for firms to build data hierarchy...
From the executive summary: ‘With pressure for risk management mounting from regulators and auditors, firms are realizing the need to manage security linkages more effectively. The process calls for identifying the linkages among potential customers and their subsidiaries or holdings.’ It is also essential for firms to build data hierarchy...
Presentation is all about communicating the ideas and views of the presenter to the audience. An effective presentation entails communicating the message boldly and effectively. A good design energizes even the dullest of presentations. It is imperative to have a good concept of design to make effective presentations. The paper...
In this paper, the author asserts that IT is a commodity and as such offers little competitive distinction and therefore no competitive advantage. As a result, the author suggests that IT investments be curtailed based on the lack of bottom-line impact which can ultimately be derived from such spending. Indeed,...
Information Technology Outsourcing ITO has generated considerable research interest since the historic Eastman Kodak deals of 1989. In this paper, a model has been developed for making the ITO decision based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP. Two hierarchies have been developed - one for making a choice of activities...
Strategy can be formulated at three hierarchical levels viz. corporate level, business unit and functional or departmental level. Strategy is all about competing and surviving as a firm but experts argue that products of an organization compete and not the corporation. The products of an organization are developed by the...
One of the biggest differences in working and managing in a matrix organization structure is the fact that we may have multiple bosses. Traditional hierarchy (literally "Holy-order") existed for thousands of years based on a single, clear line of command and control. It lasted so long for a good reason...
An efficient and effective salesforce provides a firm with a competitive advantage in today's marketplace. An important ingredient in achieving such a salesforce is the ability to measure, evaluate and compare the performance of individual salespeople. Unfortunately, the methods available in the extant marketing and sales literature are ill-suited for...
The existing Disaster Management DM approaches are quite unstructured and are usually centralised in nature with the instructions following some sort of fixed hierarchy. This results in poor resource management and hence inefficiency. Since Disasters themselves are unstructured in scope and hence can't be managed centrally, there is a need...
Having a clear and concise definition of project objectives early in the life cycle is an important ingredient for success. Clear objectives help ensure that all project stakeholders will develop. The hierarchy of objectives is a logical framework for project analysis. It is especially useful as a way of getting...
Employee motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an employee to behave in a certain manner for accomplishing certain organizational goals. The organization constantly looks at ways and means to enhance motivation level of the employees. The sources of employee motivation include setting up of challenging goals and an effective...
